Before engaging him, the Bijapuri forces desecrated the Tulja Bhavani Temple, holy to Shivaji's family, and the Vithoba temple at Pandharpur, a major pilgrimage site for the Hindus. [95]Two learned Brahmans pointed out that Shivaji, while conducting his raids, had burnt cities which resulted in the death of Brahmans, cows, women and children, and now could be cleansed of this sin for a price of only Rs. [7]Shivaji's paternal grandfather Maloji (1552–1597) was an influential general of Ahmadnagar Sultanate, and was awarded the epithet of "Raja". [26] Shivaji's independent spirit and his association with the Maval youths did not sit well with Dadoji, who complained without success to Shahaji. After the latter's death, his successor released Shahu. [143], Aware of the need for naval power to maintain control along the Konkan coast, Shivaji began to build his navy in 1657 or 1659, with the purchase of twenty galivats from the Portuguese shipyards of Bassein. While some Brahmins rebutted this identity, defining them as of the lower shudra varna, other Brahmins recognised the Marathas' utility to the Indian independence movement, and endorsed this kshatriya legacy and the significance of Shivaji. [148], Shivaji was well known for his strong religious and warrior code of ethics and exemplary character. He founded Maratha Empire in Thanjavur. In 1666, Aurangzeb summoned Shivaji to Agra (though some sources instead state Delhi), along with his nine-year-old son Sambhaji. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj real name was Shivaji Bhonsle. [100][101] Shivaji was entitled Shakakarta ("founder of an era")[1] and Chhatrapati ("paramount sovereign"). Upset by his commander's rebuke, Prataprao found Bahlol Khan and charged his position with only six other horsemen, leaving his main force behind. Following his father's release, Shivaji resumed raiding, and in 1656, under controversial circumstances, killed Chandrarao More, a fellow Maratha feudatory of Bijapur, and seized the valley of Javali, near present-day Mahabaleshwar, from him. The Mughal commander succeeded in luring away several of Shivaji's key commanders, and many of his cavalrymen, into Mughal service. In response he sent the Rajput Mirza Raja Jai Singh I with an army numbering around 15,000 to defeat Shivaji. Family. If it is a temple, the bells are rung in yearning for God alone. His mother died when he was two years old and he was raised by his grandmother Jijabai (Shivaji Maharaj’s mother). [20][21], At the time of Shivaji's birth, power in Deccan was shared by three Islamic sultanates: Bijapur, Ahmednagar, and Golkonda. Though Shivaji was a proud Hindu and never compromised on his religion,[129] he is also known for his liberal and tolerant religious policy. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj – a name that dwells in the heart of every Maharashtrian! On 21 April 1680, ten-year-old Rajaram was installed on the throne. Top 10 Inspirational Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti Quotes in Pictures : The Great India Leader Shivaji Maharaj Quotes & Wishes HD Images Status share with your friends, Family & others. [59] Ghod Khind (khind meaning "a narrow mountain pass") was later renamed Paavan Khind ("sacred pass") in honour of Bajiprabhu Deshpande, Shibosingh Jadhav, Fuloji, and all other soldiers who fought in there. Putalabai, the childless eldest of the surviving wives of Shivaji committed sati by jumping into his funeral pyre. Baji Prabhu Deshpande was wounded but continued to fight until he heard the sound of cannon fire from Vishalgad,[7] signalling Shivaji had safely reached the fort, on the evening of 13 July 1660. [27], In 1639, Shahaji was stationed at Bangalore, which was conquered from the Nayaks who had taken control after the demise of the Vijayanagara Empire. Shivaji Bhonsale I was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Instead he asked for his forts to be returned and to serve the Mughals as a mansabdar; Aurangzeb rebutted that he must surrender his remaining forts before returning to Mughal service. [c] it would also provide the Hindu Marathas with a fellow Hindu sovereign in a region otherwise ruled by Muslims. Viegas was later to defect back to the Portuguese, taking 300 sailors with him. [99] Gaga Bhatt officiated, holding a gold vessel filled with the seven sacred waters of the rivers Yamuna, Indus, Ganges, Godavari, Narmada, Krishna and Kaveri over Shivaji's head, and chanted the Vedic coronation mantras. He was born on February 19, 1630 at Pune district. [35] On 25 July 1648, Shahaji was imprisoned by Baji Ghorpade under the orders of Bijapuri ruler Mohammed Adilshah, in a bid to contain Shivaji. [50], Accounts vary on whether Shivaji or Afzal Khan struck the first blow:[48] Maratha chronicles accuse Afzal Khan of treachery, while Persian-language records attribute the treachery to Shivaji. [citation needed] Per these accounts, Shivaji withdrew from Panhala by cover of night, and as he was pursued by the enemy cavalry, his Maratha sardar Baji Prabhu Deshpande of Bandal Deshmukh, along with 300 soldiers, volunteered to fight to the death to hold back the enemy at Ghod Khind ("horse ravine") to give Shivaji and the rest of the army a chance to reach the safety of the Vishalgad fort. She was the mother of her husband's successor and the second Chhatrapati, Sambhaji. Unable to curb this, Shivaji confined his son to Panhala in 1678, only to have the prince escape with his wife and defect to the Mughals for a year. Sambhaji Shahaji Bhosale (born: 1623, died: 1648): He was the elder brother of Shivaji Maharaj. He was born on this day, February 19, in the year 1630 at Shivneri Fort. A kingly title could address this and also prevent any challenges by other Maratha leaders, to whom he was technically equal. He was Kings (Indian King) by profession. [150][151], Shivaji was admired for his heroic exploits and clever stratagems in the contemporary accounts of English, French, Dutch, Portuguese and Italian writers. [29] As early as 1645, the teenage Shivaji expressed his concept for Hindavi Swarajya (Indian self-rule), in a letter. [142] Each was placed under three officers of equal status, lest a single traitor be bribed or tempted to deliver it to the enemy. If you imagine piety in oppressing and terrorising the Hindus, you ought to first levy the tax on Jai Singh I. The Bhonsles originated among the populations of the Deccani tiller-plainsmen who were known by the … [citation needed] Angered by the renewed attacks, the Mughals resumed hostilities with the Marathas, sending a force under Daud Khan to intercept Shivaji on his return home from Surat, but were defeated in the Battle of Vani-Dindori near present-day Nashik. 14 May 1657: Sambhaji Maharaj was born at Purandar fort near Pune. Family Tree of Shivaji Maharaj . As Swami Vivekananda rightly said, “Shivaji was a peerless hero, a pious and God-fearing king and verily a manifestation of all the virtues of a born leader of men described in our ancient scriptures. chhatrapati shivaji maharaj family members. The Shivaji Maharaj America Parivaar organized a Shiv Jayanti festival Feb. 29 in Long Beach, Calif., with “Woman Empowerment” as the theme. [55] In 1660, Adilshah sent his general Siddi Jauhar to attack Shivaji's southern border, in alliance with the Mughals who planned to attack from the north. Sambhaji was also granted territory in Berar for revenue collection. [61] This was followed by raids in Junnar, with Shivaji carrying off 300,000 hun in cash and 200 horses. The Marathas summoned Bengali Tantrik goswami Nischal Puri, who declared that the original coronation had been held under inauspicious stars, and a second coronation was needed. After gaining access to Khan's compound, the raiders were able to kill some of his wives; Shaista Khan escaped, losing a finger in the melee. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was a Maratha king (from Maharashtra) and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. [77][78] Also at that time, Aurangzeb, occupied in fighting the Afghans, greatly reduced his army in the Deccan; many of the disbanded soldiers quickly joined Maratha service. Sambhaji was also restored as a Mughal mansabdar with 5,000 horses. Venkoji's wife Dipa Bai, whom Shivaji deeply respected, took up new negotiations with Shivaji and also convinced her husband to distance himself from Muslim advisors. In 1761, the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat to Ahmed Shah Abdali of the Afghan Durrani Empire, which halted their imperial expansion in northwestern India. The English had misgivings of the advantages Shivaji would gain from this conquest, but also did not want to lose any chance of receiving compensation for his looting their factories at Rajapur. [citation needed] More than 3,000 soldiers of the Bijapur army were killed and one sardar of high rank, two sons of Afzal Khan and two Maratha chiefs were taken prisoner. His strategy rested on leveraging his ground forces, naval forces, and series of forts across his territory. These included families such as the Ghadge, More, Mohite, Ghorpade, Shirke, and Nimbalkar, Marathi book Shivkaal (Times of Shivaji) by Dr V G Khobrekar, Publisher: Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture, First edition 2006. [24], Many of Shivaji's comrades, and later a number of his soldiers, came from the Maval region, including Yesaji Kank, Suryaji Kakade, Baji Pasalkar, Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Tanaji Malusare. Shivaji at that time sent Sambhaji with general Prataprao Gujar to serve with the Mughal viceroy in Aurangabad, Prince Mu'azzam. He also took the nearby fort of Chakan, besieging it for a month and a half before breaching the walls. When Aurangzeb imposed the Jizya tax on non-Muslims on 3 April 1679, Shivaji wrote a strict letter to Aurangzeb criticising his tax policy. [citation needed], After Shivaji's escape, hostilities with the Mughals ebbed, with Mughal sardar Jaswant Singh acting as intermediary between Shivaji and Aurangzeb for new peace proposals. In the end, Shivaji consented to turn over to her and her female descendants many of the properties he had seized, with Venkoji consenting to a number of conditions for the proper administration of the territories and maintenance of Shivaji's future memorial (samadhi). In September 1671, Shivaji sent an ambassador to Bombay, again seeking materiel, this time for the fight against Danda-Rajpuri. He was the son of  Shahajiraje Bhosale and Tukabai. At its peak, the Maratha empire stretched from Tamil Nadu[122] in the south, to Peshawar (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) in the north, and Bengal. He was born on 18th of March, 1594. 1590). [83], In 1674, Prataprao Gujar, the commander-in-chief of the Maratha forces, was sent to push back the invading force led by the Bijapuri general, Bahlol Khan. [90]:106– These celebrations prompted a British commentator in 1906 to note: "Cannot the annals of the Hindu race point to a single hero whom even the tongue of slander will not dare call a chief of dacoits ...? [76] Aurangzeb also permitted Shivaji to attack the decaying Adil Shahi; the weakened Sultan Ali Adil Shah II sued for peace and granted the rights of sardeshmukhi and chauthai to Shivaji. During the attack by Mughals these families shifted towards the southern part of India. Chh. He was asked to hold and settle the area. [132], In 1667, the Portuguese Christians started to forcefully convert Hindus in Bardez. An artist's depiction of Shahu at the Prince of Wales Museum, Mumbai, courtesy Rajesh Khilare [1] Fort Raigad was handed over to the mughals by its killedar Suryaji Pisal along with the queen Yesubai and the young prince Shahu, in return for the Sardeshmukhi of Wai. Shahaji often changed his loyalty between the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar, the Adilshah of Bijapur and the Mughals, but always kept his jagir (fiefdom) at Pune and his small army. His mother was Yesubai. [166] Past Congress party leaders in the state, such as Yashwantrao Chavan, were considered political descendants of Shivaji. Shivaji's position under house arrest was perilous, as Aurangzeb's court debated whether to kill him or continue to employ him, and Shivaji used his dwindling funds to bribe courtiers to support his case. [citation needed], There is some dispute over the circumstances of Shivaji's withdrawal (treaty or escape) and his destination (Ragna or Vishalgad), but the popular story details his night movement to Vishalgad and a sacrificial rear-guard action to allow him to escape. The officers acted jointly and provided mutual checks and balance. The arrangements had dictated that each come armed only with a sword, and attended by one follower. [54], After the victory, a grand review was held by Shivaji below Pratapgarh. your own Pins on Pinterest [165] Shivaji is upheld as an example by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, and also of the Maratha caste dominated Congress parties in Maharashtra, such as the Indira Congress and the Nationalist Congress Party. After the ablution, Shivaji bowed before Jijabai and touched her feet. He wrote: In strict justice, the Jizya is not at all lawful. He was born in 1670. Shivaji. [112], Shivaji intended to reconcile with his half-brother Venkoji (Ekoji I), Shahaji's son by his second wife, Tukabai (née Mohite), who ruled Thanjavur (Tanjore) after Shahaji. छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराज ह्यांना एकूण 8 पत्नी होत्या सईबाई, सगुणाबाई, सोयराबाई, पुतळाबाई, लक्ष्मीबाई, सकवारबाई, काशीबाई आणि गुणवंताबाई. Kulkarni, A.R., 1990. [68], The attacks on Shaista Khan and Surat enraged Aurangzeb. [36], According to Sarkar, Shahaji was released in 1649 after the capture of Jinji secured Adilshah's position in Karnataka. [140] In addition, Shivaji built a number of forts; the number "111" is reported in some accounts, but it is likely the actual number "did not exceed 18. The Maval infantry served as the core of his ground forces (reinforced with Telangi musketeers from Karnataka), supported by Maratha cavalry. [120], Shivaji left behind a state always at odds with the Mughals. Shivaji Bhonsale I was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. [123], In a bid to effectively manage the large empire, Shahu and the Peshwas gave semi-autonomy to the strongest of the knights, creating the Maratha Confederacy. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions and court conventions and promoted the usage of Marathi language. [a][16][17] Shivaji was named after a local deity, the goddess Shivai. Mother: Jijabai Shahaji Bhonsle. Dissatisfied with the Mughal response, and receiving a better offer from Bijapur, he launched a raid into the Mughal Deccan. [18] Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhonsle was a Maratha general who served the Deccan Sultanates. This is a very common feeling with the readers, who derive their knowledge of these events solely from the works of English historians. Having made peace with the Mughals, ceding them six forts, he went to serve the Sultanate of Bijapur. [80] In response, Shivaji launched an offensive against the Mughals and recovered a major portion of the territories surrendered to them in a span of four months. [171][172], In 2003, American academic James W. Laine published his book Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India, which was followed by heavy criticism including threats of arrest. Further, he is also recognised as a warrior legend, who sowed the seeds of Indian independence. [186], Indian king and founder of the Maratha Empire, Council of Eight Ministers (Ashta Pradhan Mandal), Based on multiple committees of historians and experts, the Government of Maharashtra accepts 19 February 1630 as his birthdate. Shivaji took offence and stormed out of court,[73] and was promptly placed under house arrest under the watch of Faulad Khan, Kotwal of Agra. He was the son of Shahaji (father) and Jijabai (mother).

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